Industrial Ceramics

Industrial ceramics plays an important role in today's technology, it covers all products that are made from inorganic, nonmetallic materials and with the industry or for technical applications. The materials are usually made of fabric with a high melting point or softening point. The term "Technical Ceramics" refers also to the science and technology development and manufacturing of such products. Industrial ceramics are a large group of materials with specific uses other than domestic orAesthetics. They generally exclude glasses, paints, building materials and certain cements and refractories. The fundamentals of industrial ceramics derived from his name ceramics, a term for any useful or decorative items, baked clay is.

The use of ceramics in industrial technology began in the early 19th Century by the development of a strong porcelain for high voltage electrical insulation. Steatite and cordierite, with special electrical and mechanilcal Properties, where in the 20th Century produced. These products, which largely obtained by mixing and then heating at high temperature materials such as various clays, variable or uncertain purity. Wide range of new materials with defined properties for use in industrial ceramics had an increasing demand during the 1930s.

Primary components of Industrial Ceramics

Link
Chemical Formula
Melting point (° C)
Oxide

Aluminum> Oxide
AlO
2054
Barium oxide
BaO
1917
Iron oxide
FeO
1565
Lead oxide
PbO
886
Magnesium oxide
MgO
2800
Silicon oxide
SiO
1726
Titanium dioxide
TiO
1800
Zirconia
ZrO
2680

Non-Oxide
Boron carbide
BC
2450 *
Silicon carbide
SiC
2650 *
Tungsten carbide
WC
2600
Aluminum nitride
AlN
2235 *
BoronNitride
BN
3000 *
Silicon nitride
SiN
1900 *
Molybdenum
MoSi
2030

* Decomposition temperature

Ceramic industry has different characteristics, to determine the range and extent of their use.

Chemical properties. Most industrial ceramics are made of metals and metalloids with non metals and the common primary components are oxides. A couple of nitrides, carbides, borides, and connections with more than one, not of metal. OtherMaterials such as ceramics, the elements silicon and carbon in the form of diamonds and graphite can be considered. In general, ceramics are more resistant to oxidation and corrosion as plastics and metals.

Mechanical properties. Most industrial ceramics are strong, that is, they show considerable strength and stiffness under pressure and bending. "Bend Strength" is commonly used as a criterion of merit in the design and calculation. The highest strength of polycrystalline ceramicare based on zirconium dioxide.

Physical properties. Industrial ceramic compound of light is not metal (oxygen, carbon or nitrogen) with a lighter metals or semi-metals. In general, ceramics have low density compared to metals. And weight may be higher than for a given size of the metal part of the starch to be. Many ceramics are also very hard and resist abrasion and wear. The hardest known material is diamond, followed by cubic boron nitride in crystalline form.

ThermalProperties. Ceramic industry has a very high melting or softening point. They retain strength and resistance to deformation under load ("creep" resistance) at higher temperatures than those to which many metal can be exposed. But this weak brittle material to "thermal shock", it is a term for the generation of mechanical stress as a result of a sudden sharp change of temperature than can lead to failure.

Electrical properties. Ceramics show a broad spectrum ofelectrical conductivity. For example, alumina is a very good insulator, silicon carbide is a semiconductor at room temperature and compounds such as chromium dioxide for electrical current to how to do a metal. The presence of mobile ions in an oxide or silicate temperature can rise to ionic conductivity, high, which increases. This is the reason why china can not use as insulators at high temperatures. On the other hand, the mobility of the ionsin certain types of materials such as aluminum oxide allows to be used as electrolytes in batteries as energy storage.

Magnetic properties. Ceramic with iron oxide FeO have magnetic properties similar to those of ferrites can and magnetic elements iron, nickel and cobalt. In contrast to metals, may ferrite with high electrical resistance can be made and used by power at high frequencies without an acceptable loss. You can also face a high resistance madeDemagnetization.

Optical properties. The optical characteristic of a ceramic on both intrinsic factor (identifying color hang) and extrinsic (for transparency). The color of a single crystal depends on the amount of ions in the crystal. Most single-crystal oxides transmit some visible light, semiconducting single crystal may appear completely black. The transparency is determined by the presence of light scattering "flaws" such as grain boundaries and voids.

IndustrialCeramics is applied and used in many products such as today insulator for high voltage line, spark plugs for automotive and towed vehicles, rotors for turbine-generator-drive and water pumps, bearings, electronic components such as integrated circuits (IC) and resistors.

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Tags: Ceramics, Industrial